Sunday, January 11, 2015

#11

http://www.americanpoems.com/poets/john-berryman/3546

Access to the universe of information available on the Internet helps with interpreting Berryman’s references. This poem uses as a metaphor the balloon voyage and famous turn-of-the-century disappearance of Saloman August AndrĂ©e, Nils Strindberg and Knut Fraenkel, three Swedish explorers who attempted a journey to the North Pole in a balloon in 1897. Their system of drag ropes and sails for steering the balloon were totally ineffective, and they were at the mercy of wind, frost, and a sinking balloon. They landed on pack ice, made their way through great hardship to a deserted island, and ultimately died there. They subsisted on the supplies they salvaged from the foundered balloon and the polar bears that stalked them constantly, several of which they were able to shoot. When their bodies were discovered by walrus hunters 30 years after they disappeared, their diary and the photos they took were remarkably preserved, and their fate became known. Strindberg was likely killed by a polar bear, and he seems to have gone down shooting. The other two died side by side under a tent made from their balloon, possibly from exposure and exhaustion, more likely from the massive vitamin A overdose that comes from eating polar bear liver, and also from trichinosis they contracted by eating undercooked or raw bear meat. It is also quite possible that they deliberately overdosed together on opium to end their extreme suffering. The bodies of all three were devoured by polar bears once they finally died, so in that way did things come full ecological circle.

The poem tells us that we are born into the safe beds of our mothers but that doesn’t last. Our hearts break, we are tormented by the various incarnations of bullies, monsters and blockheads out there waiting for us, and in the midst of it we dream of flying away to some kind of patriotic fame. Sometimes it happens, much more often the bears are waiting. “Up in pairs / we go not, but we have a good bed.” The would-be heroes lie together in a final tormented iteration of the first bed they were born into, but they still die alone.

This poem is supposed to be depressing, but nah, you don’t get to ruin every day this year, Mr. Berryman. A balloon voyage to the North Pole was incredibly foolish. The bears were hungry. Lighten up. I have said what I have to say.

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